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Öğe Çevresel Koşullara Uyumlu Kaya Mimarisinin İncelenmesi: İran-Kandovan ve Türkiye- Kapadokya(Kapadokya Üniversitesi, 2024) Akbarishahabi, LeilaKaya mimarisi, ek malzeme kullanılmadan dağlara, kayalıklara ve bazen yer altında boşluklar oluşturularak yapılmaktadır. Bu barınma ve yaşam alanlarının birincil amacı savunma ve korunma olsa da bunların yapımında iklimsel ve çevresel koşullar da aynı zamanda belirleyici olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, kaya mimarisinin önemli yerleşim örneklerinden olan İran’nın Tabriz ilinde bulunan Kandovan köyü ve Türkiye’nin Kapadokya bölgesinde yer alan yerleşimler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı coğrafyalarda yer alan iki yerleşimin kaya mimarisi arasındaki farklılıklar ve benzerlikler incelenmiş ve iki bölgede de kaya mimarisinin yerel mimari biçimi olarak nasıl şekillendiği sorusuna cevap aranmıştır.Öğe Determining the Economic Value of Historic Urban Districts through the use of the Hedonic Pricing Model: Ankara Castle District(2021) Akbarishahabi, LeilaHistoric districts, which are an essential source of a society’s historical and sociocultural values, have a semantic value for urban residents. However, the cultural identity of these areas and the semantic values they offer to people are often ignored nowadays in urban design and planning studies. This study aims to reveal the desire of many people to live closer to historic districts, and to encourage local governments to be more aware of the need to conserve these urban areas due to their value as part of a local identity. As historic districts are not normally on the market, determining their semantic value is a complex process, but one that can be achieved with the Hedonic Pricing model. In this study, the effect on house prices of being close to the historic district of Ankara Castle was examined with the help of this Model. In the study, a total of 422 houses was examined, all of which were located within a radius of 1500 meters from the district of Ankara Castle, and the effect of the distance to Ankara Castle on the price of the houses was evaluated. According to the results, the desire to live close to the district was reflected in higher house prices. Houses located within a 500 meter radius of Ankara Castle are sold at an average of 34.3% more than similar houses farther away. It was also found that the price of houses decreased by 5% with each additional 100m of distance away from the district of Ankara Castle.Öğe Ecocultural Design Model for Historical Settlements Case Study of Mustafapasa(Gece Kitaplığı, 2022) Akbarishahabi, LeilaThe concept of sustainability is an essential concern in the design and planning of historic settlements. To preserve natural, cultural, and social aspects while also contributing to cultural tourism by emphasising the region's historical identity requires a holistic and sustainable design and planning approach in mutual interactions. This study aims to develop an ecocultural design model that combines ecovillage principles with cultural village conservation strategies. The proposed model's principles were examined in Mustafapasa village, a historical and tourism village in Turkey's Cappadocia region. In the first stage, the natural and cultural characteristics of the village were introduced. The village was then subjected to a SWOT analysis, and the results were evaluated within the framework of the theoretical ecocultural design model developed in this study. As a result, strategies have been recommended for the village's development by conserving its natural and cultural assets.Öğe Ekolojik Kent Mobilyalarında Eko-Tasarım İlkeleri(2021) Akbarishahabi, LeilaGünümüzde, teknolojik gelişmeler ve nüfus artışı sonucunda, ekolojik çevre zarar görmekte ve doğal kaynakların sınırsız ve bilinçsiz bir şekilde tüketilmesi, ekosistem hizmetlerinin sürekliliğini tehlikeye atmaktadır. Bu sorunlar, insanları doğadan ayrı ve ondan üstün gören modern kent planlama ve tasarım paradigmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Son yıllarda, bu sorunların çözümlenmesine yönelik, kentsel planlama ve tasarım sürecinde, sürdürülebilir gelişme kavramı gündeme gelmiştir. Sürdürebilirlik sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel olmak üzere üç önemli bileşenden oluşmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir gelişmenin en önemli boyutu doğal kaynak kullanımı ve çevresel yönetim olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, ekolojik kent olgusu öne çıkmaktadır. Ekolojik kentlerdeki planlama ve tasarım yaklaşımlarının amacı, sürdürülebilir kalkınma çerçevesinde, doğayı ve doğal varlıkları sömürmeden, insan ekosistemi ile doğal ekosistem arasındaki dengeyi sağlamaktır. Dünyada, ekolojik kentlerde birçok tasarım yaklaşımları önerilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Kent mobilyaları, ekolojik kent yapısının önemli bir parçasıdır. Bu çalışmada, ekolojik kent mobilyalarının tasarımında, daha dengeli bir insan-çevre ilişkisine dayanan, peyzajın önemini vurgulayan ve kentleri dinamik sosyo-ekolojik sistemler olarak kavrayan yaklaşımlar önerilmektedir. Çalışmada, “Ekolojik kent” kavramı detaylı olarak incelenmiş ve bu kentlerin ilke ve hedefleri açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, ekolojik anlayışla tasarlanan kent mobilyaları kapsamlı ve ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. İçerik analizi sonucunda uygulanan eko-tasarım örnekleri bir araya getirilmiş ve ekolojik kent mobilyalarının tasarımı için öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, kentsel mobilyaların tasarım ilkeleri ekolojik, işlevsellik, verimlilik, dayanıklılık, sadelik ve esneklik olmak üzere altı ilke üzerinden tanımlanmış ve örnekler ile somutlaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kent mobilyalarının tasarımında ekolojik tasarım ilkelerinin tanımlanması, kentlerin sürdürülebilir gelişmelerine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Environmental Sustainability and Land Use Decisions: Hürmetçi and KOIZ(Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2025) Akbarishahabi, LeilaThis study highlights the importance of considering long-term economic and environmental sustainability in selecting locations for Organized Industrial Zones (OIZs). However, land-use decisions often neglect ecological concerns, posing significant threats to sensitive areas. The research focuses on the environmental impacts of the Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone (KOIZ) on the nearby Hürmetçi Marsh Wetland, a biodiversity-rich ecological site. Using qualitative methods like literature reviews, field observations, and PESTLE analysis, the study reveals that KOIZ activities and potential expansions jeopardize the wetland's ecological health. The PESTLE framework identifies political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors influencing the interaction between industrial development and ecological stability. Based on these findings, the study proposes several sustainable management strategies. These include enforcing strict environmental regulations, adopting eco-friendly industrial practices, and creating buffer zones to protect sensitive areas. Wetland restoration projects, along with sustainable water and waste management systems, are recommended to mitigate environmental damage. Continuous monitoring and adaptive research are emphasized to refine conservation strategies over time. The study also underscores the importance of local community involvement through education and awareness initiatives. A participatory approach not only strengthens community ties to the environment but also ensures broader support for preservation efforts, fostering shared responsibility for sustainable development. These measures aim to balance industrial growth with the preservation of vital ecological areas like the Hürmetçi Marsh Wetland.Öğe EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRACTALITY AND IMAGEABILITY PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBANISM: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY(Gece Kitaplığı, 2022) Akbarishahabi, LeilaThe mental image is a silhouette of the space formed in the mind due to interpreting and organizing environmental information and sensations. This process is known as the perception and cognition process. In this process, the environmental characteristics that attract a person’s attention convert to information and are recorded in memory as a mental image. The mental image formed in easily perceived and cognized spaces is more permanent and remembered more clearly. In the formation process of the mental image, the working process of memory is among the essential issues to be examined. Generally, people perceive, recognize, and save the environmental characteristics that are easily classified, ordered hierarchically, repeated serially in proportional harmony, and diversified free from chaos and monotony more easily and quickly in memory (Klinger and Salingaros, 2000). At the same time, environments designed with fractal geometry principles have these properties. Fractal geometry, which is the geometry of nature, defines the transition from ordered to disordered (Mandelbrot, 1982: 170). Fractal geometry and human mental functions are interrelated. Fractal geometric objects contain perceptual properties suitable for human nature. These properties help form the mental image clearly and remember it quickly. Fractal geometry is described by a numerical expression defined as the fractal dimension. As a result of the above descriptions, this study has two basic hypotheses: “as the fractal dimension increases, the imageability increases” and “the characteristics that cause the formation of the mental image match with the characteristics of fractal geometry.” In this study, the imaginability of space was evaluated through fractal theory. Previous studies on the imageability of the space were only questioned with subjective methods; however, an objective method was proposed in this study, and its accuracy was reinforced with a subjective method.Öğe Examining the Relationship Between Enclosure Ratio of Street and Skyline’s Complexity(2021) Akbarishahabi, LeilaThe urban design criteria significantly affect the visual quality of space. Enclosure and Complexity can be defined as two crucial urban design principles that affect the perceptibility and visual quality of space. This study aimed to offer an objective and perceptual evaluation method in assessing the street’s enclosure ratio. In the study, the street's enclosure ratio was evaluated via the street skyline's complexity. According to the study's hypothesis, as the street's enclosure ratio increases, the street skyline's complexity level decreases. For testing this hypothesis, the street images were selected from the London and Chicago cities. Firstly, the skylines of the streets were determined on images, and then, the fractal dimensions of skylines were calculated. Then, the street’s enclosure ratio and the factors that affect street skyline's fractal dimension were measured with a defined measurement system. Subsequently, the relationship between the street’s enclosure ratio and calculated street skyline's fractal dimensions was examined by regression analysis. As a result, it was determined that there is an inverse relationship between the street’s enclosure ratio and the street skyline’s fractal dimensions. As the enclosure ratio increases, the complexity of the skyline decreases. The decrease in the complexity level of the skyline weakens the visual quality and perceptibility of the street. In this study, the perceptual evaluation of the street’s enclosure ratio was examined with an objective method. This method can also be reinforced with a subjective evaluation and more precise results can be obtained. The obtained results can provide important clues to increase the visual quality and perceptibility of the streets. In perceptible spaces with high visual quality, feelings such as liking, trust, belonging and comfort develop in people. The fractal approach as an objective method is used widely for perceptual evaluation of the complexity level in cities. However, it was determined that very few studies examined the street’s enclosure ratio with the perceptual and objective evaluation method. Perceptual evaluations of the enclosure were generally made with subjective methods. This study offered an objective and perceptual evaluation approach for examining the street’s enclosure ratio.Öğe İnsan Ölçeğinde Tasarlanan Kentsel Mekanlar ve Kent Sakinlerinin Aidiyet Duyguları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme(Kent Akademisi, 2022) Akbarishahabi, LeilaKentsel tasarım ilkeleri arasında yer alan insan ölçeği mekândaki fiziksel bileşenlerin ölçüleri ile ilgili bir kavramdır. Mekânın ölçü birimi insan olduğundan, kentsel mekânların insan ölçeğinde tasarlanması ve bu mekânlarda insan ölçüsünde bileşenlerin varlığı bireyde benim gibi hissi uyandırmaktadır. Bu benlik hissi insan-mekân ilişkisinin güçlenmesine ve aidiyet duygusunun oluşup gelişmesine neden olmaktadır. Sosyal sürdürülebilirlik için, bireyde aidiyet duygusunun gelişmesi önemlidir. Aidiyet mekândaki güven duygusunun artması, yabancılaşma ve suç eğiliminin azalmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, insan ölçeği ve aidiyet duygusu arasındaki ilişkiyi vurgulamaktır. Çalışmanın hipotezine göre, kentsel mekânlarda insan ölçeğindeki tasarımlar ve elemanların varlığı, kent sakinlerinin aidiyet duygularını geliştirmektedir. Çalışmada 400 katılımcı ile anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların kentsel mekânlarda dolaşırken fark ettikleri kentsel elemanlar ve aynı zamanda, mekâna aidiyet duyguları sorgulanmıştır. Daha sonra, kentsel elemanlar bağımsız ve aidiyet duygusu bağımlı değişkenler olarak tanımlanmış, çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, katılımcıların aidiyet duyguları ve peyzaj elemanları, kent mobilyaları, kaldırım ve yaya yürüyüş yolları, bina cephelerindeki girinti-çıkıntılar ve kapı- pencere yoğunluğu gibi değişkenler arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, katılımcıların aidiyet duyguları ve fark ettikleri eleman olarak arabalar arasında anlamlı ve negatif bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kentsel tasarım projelerinde yayalara yönelik mekânların tasarlanması bireylerin aidiyet duygularının gelişmesine neden olmaktadır.Öğe Investigation of Walking Behaviours in Terms of Physical Activity: Gölbaşı District, Kızılcaşar Neighbourhood(2023) Akbarishahabi, LeilaPhysical activities such as walking have numerous health benefits proven by various studies. In this context, urban design projects should include implementations aimed at encouraging people to walk, and these projects should also be created considering the residents' demographic characteristics. This study aimed to determine the built environment features that affected individuals' walking frequency and duration while also looking into the impact of personal factors on walking behaviours. The study examined sample studies evaluating the importance of environmental and individual characteristics on walking behaviours, and a questionnaire was designed in line with the results obtained. The questionnaire was conducted with a total of 400 neighbourhood residents, consisting of adult women and men, living in the Kızılcaşar neighbourhood of the Gölbaşı district located in Ankara. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analysed with descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, and Regression analysis. As a result of the analyses, environmental characteristics such as safety, landscape density, flat terrain and comfort, and visual diversity had significant relationships with the participants' walking frequency and duration. Additionally, the study confirmed that personal factors like gender, income and educational status impact individuals' walking frequency and duration.Öğe Kapadokya’da Kentsel Sorunlara İlişkin Akıllı Çözümler: Ürgüp Örneği(Kapadokya Üniversitesi, 2024) Canpolat, Bahar; Akbarishahabi, LeilaAkıllı kent kavramını sadece teknoloji ile bağdaştırmanın yetersiz olduğu bir gerçektir. Akıllı kentleri, teknoloji ile beraber insanlar, veriler ve yönetişim ile ele almak gerekmektedir. Ürgüp, Türkiye’nin tarih ve doğa zenginliği ile ön plana çıkan şehirlerinden biridir. Kapadokya’nın merkezinden yer alan bu benzersiz şehir, tarihî dokusuyla binlerce yıllık geçmişi barındırırken modern dünyanın gereksinimlerine uyum sağlamış bir kent olarak da dikkat çekmektedir. Akıllı kent kavramının ince- lenmesi bağlamında Ürgüp, sadece teknolojik yeniliklerle değil, aynı zamanda kültürel ve tarihî mirasa nasıl entegre olduğunu da görmemizi sağlamaktadır. Ürgüp’ün tarih sahnesindeki rolü, Hititlerden Perslere, Romalılardan Bizans İmparatorluğu’na geniş bir yelpazede görülebilir. Antik dönemlerden beri önemli bir yerleşim yeri olan Ürgüp, jeolojik yapısıyla da dikkat çekmektedir. Eşsiz pe- ribacaları ve volkanik oluşumlar, bölgeyi doğal bir cazibe merkezi hâline geti- rirken bu özellikler aynı zamanda kente özgü bir kimlik oluşturur. Günümüzde Ürgüp, sadece tarihî mirasıyla değil, turizm ve tarım gibi alan- lardaki gelişmişlik düzeyiyle de öne çıkmaktadır. Modern altyapısıyla beraber geleneksel yaşam tarzını koruyan Ürgüp, bu dengeyi sağlayarak akıllı kent olma yolunda önemli adımlar atmıştır. Bu bölümde, Ürgüp’ün akıllı kent olma sü- reci incelenerek bu sürecin kent sakinlerine ve ziyaretçilerine sağladığı fayda- lar ele alınacaktır.Öğe Kapadokya’da Koruma: Örnek Mustafapaşa (Sinasos) Yerleşimi(Kapadokya Üniversitesi, 2024) Leila Akbarishahabi; Nimet Hacısüleymanoğlu; Hacısüleymanoğlu, Nimet; Akbarishahabi, LeilaGünümüzde yerleşim alanlarının özgün niteliklerinin korunması ve bu yönde doğru kararların alınması, bölgesel kalkınma, yerel kimliğin güçlenmesi, sosyokültürel değerlerin korunması ve güçlü sosyal ilişkilerle şekillenmektedir. Aynı zamanda kalkınma ve turistik faaliyetler açısından ulusal, bölgesel ve bi- reysel düzeyde ekonomik gelişmeler sağlanmaktadır. Son yıllarda, küreselleşme çağında, yerleşim alanları pek çok sosyokültürel, ekonomik, teknolojik ve poli- tik faktörlerin etkileşimi sonucunda değişmektedir ve bu değişiklikler mekânsal kimliği, kültürel emanetleri ve doğal varlıkları olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, mekânsal kimliğin bütüncül bir yaklaşım ile ele alınıp incelenmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu amaçla, doğal ve kültürel olarak zengin bir niteliğe sahip Nevşehir ili, Ürgüp ilçesine bağlı, tarihî bir kasaba olan Mustafapaşa kasabası- nın kimliği analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, kasabanın genel özel- likleri, kalkınma projeleri ve koruma planları değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, mekânsal kimliğin korunmasında, yerel yönetimlerin görevleri ve yetkileri ele alınmış, kasabanın kimliğinin korunmasında ve sosyokültürel ve sosyoekono- mik olarak canlandırılmasında katılımcı bir sürecin gerekliliği vurgulanmış- tır. Sonuç olarak özgün niteliklere sahip olan kasabanın kimliğinin güçlendi- rilmesi yönünde strateji ve öneriler geliştirilmiştir.Öğe Kentlerde Yürüyüş Amaçlı Rota Seçiminde Çevresel Özelliklerin Önemi(2022) Akbarishahabi, LeilaThe characteristics of the streets, which are defined as open urban public spaces, affect the desire and preferences of individuals to walk on the street. In this study, it was aimed to determine the characteristics of the routes preferred by individuals for walking. In the study, sample studies evaluating the importance of environmental characteristics in choosing a walking route were examined, and a survey was designed in line with the results obtained. The survey was conducted with a total of 400 adult participants residing in the Gölbaşı district of Ankara. Environmental characteristics were defined as the independent variable and the tendency to walk as the dependent variable. As a result of the cause-effect analysis, it has been determined that variables such as safety (human, animal, and vehicle), landscape density, pavements, cleanliness and care, calmness and silence, flat terrain and comfort, visual diversity, and lighting have positive and significant relationships with individuals' willingness to walk, respectively. As a result, the environmental characteristics of the routes, especially the perceived safety, the aesthetic pleasure such as landscape density, cleanliness and visual diversity, as well as the qualities such as flat terrain and pedestrian pavements that provide walking comfort, encourage individuals to walk.Öğe Perceptual Evaluation of Street Geometry by Different Groups Based on Pedestrian Preferences(2022) Akbarishahabi, LeilaGenerally, there is a positive relationship between the walking routes' attractive physical features and pedestrians' preferences for walking. Individuals’ preferences that emerge as a result of the perceptual evaluation and cognitive processes are affected by individual characteristics as well as the environment's physical features. In recent years, in cities formed by rational designers, functionality has been emphasised, and users' perceptions have been ignored. This study aimed to examine the differences between perceptions and preferences of different expertise and educational groups and emphasise that the user's perceptions should be considered besides the experts' opinions who define the formal qualities of the space in urban design projects. One of the most important walking route’s physical features is its form and geometry, and it is effective on individuals' perceptual evaluations and preferences. In this study, keeping the other factors affecting perception constant, preferences regarding street forms - Straight or Curved - were investigated with two different groups, 72 participants who were educated in the urban design field and 87 participants who were not educated in this field. Five street views consisting of straight and curved street options were shown to the participants, and they were asked to determine their preferred option with reason. As a result of comparing the data obtained from the responses of two groups, while the participants who received urban design education mainly preferred streets with straight geometry, the other group preferred curved streets. In the study, two concepts were greatly emphasised for reasons of preferences: Order and Mystery. While the participants who were educated in the urban design field explained the reason for preferring the street with the Order descriptive mainly, other participants mostly used the Mystery descriptive as a reason for preference.Öğe The semantic value of historical monuments as cultural heritage in urban texture: cases of Ankara Castle and Anıtkabir(Routledge Journals, 2022) Akbarishahabi, LeilaHistorical monuments as cultural heritage is a prominent source of sociocultural values and have semantic values for city residents. Determining the importance level of the historical monuments for the residents will cause the right decisions to be taken in the strategic policy-making process related to recognizing and conserving them. This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the semantic value of cultural heritage in the urban design project and policy-making process. Since cultural heritage is non-market products, the Hedonic Pricing Model was used to determine its semantic values in the study. The study determined the semantic value of Ankara Castle and Anıtkabir in Ankara, with the help of the Hedonic Price Model, over the prices of houses located in a radius of 1200 meters of these monuments. A total of 364 houses around Ankara Castle and 496 houses around Anıtkabir were examined. As a result, as the houses get closer to the Ankara Castle, their prices increase by 5% per 100 meters, and the house prices rise by 3% per 100 meters as the house gets closer to the Anıtkabir.Öğe The Significance of Individual Characteristics in Architectural Perception: The Case Of Mustafapasa(SRA Academic Publishing, 2022) Akbarishahabi, LeilaIn architectural conservation projects, besides the physical values of the place, people's perception is among the issues that should be considered. However, conservation projects are generally developed by the government and experts, people's opinions are ignored. This study emphasizes the necessity of considering the conservation criteria determined by experts in the conservation of historical buildings, as well as the semantic value offered by the buildings to the people. In this study, the relationship between the religious affiliation of participants and the impressiveness level of the historical building rated by them was examined through 5 different historical buildings located in the Turkey-Cappadocia region. 4 of these buildings were built by Christians and another one was built by Muslims. A survey was conducted on two groups, experts as the control group and participants. As a result of comparing the data obtained from the answers of the control group and participants, the participants were impressed by the building built by Muslims at a higher rate than other buildings. Whereas, this building was placed in the second rank by the control group in the assessment of the impressiveness level.Öğe URBAN IDENTITY AND PERCEPTIONS OF RESIDENTS IN HISTORICAL AREAS; CASE STUDY OF ÜRGÜP(IKSAD GLOBAL, 2022) Akbarishahabi, LeilaConserving the distinctive qualities of the urban environment and making the appropriate judgments in this regard are crucial steps in the planning and design process. These distinctive qualities represent the urban identity. Urban identity is a multidimensional conception that incorporates social, artificial, and environmental factors and is influenced by historical processes. The first step in conserving urban identity is comprehensively identifying urban identity elements and ascertaining how residents perceive urban identity. The conservation of urban identity requires a multi-stakeholder implementation process. This study emphasizes the identity perceptions of urban residents, who are important stakeholders in preserving the identity of historical cities. In the study, while the components of urban identity were defined within the scope of the literature, the relationship between identity perceptions and demographic profiles of urban residents was examined. As a historical settlement, the Ürgüp district of Nevşehir province was the sample area of this research. In the study, the identity perceptions of 415 urban residents were questioned through a structured questionnaire, and the obtained data were analyzed statistically using descriptive statistics, the crosstabs method, and ?2 analysis. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that the concept of "urban identity" is not fully known by many residents. While awareness of the urban identity did not change according to gender, it was determined that it changed according to age, education, and income status. In particular, it was observed that the residents' awareness increased when their education level increased. Also, the residents responded to the characteristics that formed the identity of Ürgüp as immovable cultural heritage, natural structure, civilization and history, tourism attractions, and agricultural products in the top five. The residents of the region's suggestions for strengthening Ürgüp's identity were: conserving the natural and cultural heritage, improving transportation facilities, organizing various cultural events and promoting the region, revitalizing the social life, preventing reconstruction, and ensuring the necessary security. As a result, it is predicted that defining the components of urban identity, determining the interactions of these components with each other, and at the same time taking into account the identity perceptions of the urban residents can help protect and strengthen the urban identity in urban planning and design projects. Since urban identity is a multidimensional concept, it is necessary to examine all urban identity components in detail and make future-oriented decisions with a comprehensive approach to protect and support urban identity.
