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Öğe East and West: Émigré Literature in the Ottoman Empire (18th–20th Century)(Kapadokya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2021) Strauss, JohannThis paper seeks to provide an overview of the literary activities of émigrés in the Ottoman Empire from the arrival of the first political refugees in the early eighteenth century (Swedes, Hungarians). It was during this period that the first masterpiece of émigré literature was produced, Kelemen Mikes´s” Letters from Turkey” (Törökországi levelek). The number of refugees increased considerably in the nineteenth century, after the suppression of the uprisings and revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe (Italy, Poland, Romania, Hungary). Among the most prominent figures who settled (at least temporarily) in the Ottoman Empire the following may be singled out: the Italian Princess of Belgiojoso, the Romanian poet and writer Dimitrie Bolintineanu and the Polish soldier Miha? Czajkowski (“Sadyk Pasha”) who owed his early fame to his novels. But there were also refugees from the East, especially Qajar Iran, who became actively engaged in literary activities (Mirza Habib-e Esfah?ni).
