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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12695/267

Listeleniyor 1 - 9 / 9

The Effect of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors on the Volumes of Intracranial Structures
(Frontiers in Neurology, 2025) Gökoğlu, Abdulkerim; Yiğit, Hüseyin; Yolaçan, Ebru; Nisari, Mehtap; Unur, Erdoğan; Selçuklu, Ahmet
Objective: Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs) can cause symptoms via mass effect or hormonal imbalances. This study investigated whether PitNETs induce volumetric changes in intracranial structures and assessed the diagnostic potential of these changes.Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 PitNET patients and 86 healthy controls. MRI data, acquired on a 1.5 Tesla scanner, were processed using the automated Vol2Brain system to calculate relative brain volumes.Results: PitNET patients exhibited significantly lower relative volumes across numerous brain structures compared to controls. This included reduced intracranial, cerebral, and cortical gray matter (GM), as well as temporal lobe, vermis, limbic lobe, hippocampus, and inferior lateral ventricle (ILV) volumes. Gyrus-level analysis also revealed significantly smaller volumes in key regions like the posterior orbital gyrus, supplementary motor cortex, and entorhinal area in PitNET patients. ROC analysis demonstrated good to very good diagnostic performance for ILV volume (AUC=0.863; p=0.002) and subcortical GM volume (AUC=0.725; p=0.049) in differentiating groups. Reduced volumes were also noted in basal ganglia structures.Conclusions: Our findings indicate significant volumetric reductions in various brain regions in PitNET patients, potentially explaining observed emotional and cognitive symptoms. The diagnostic utility of ILV and subcortical GM volumes is promising, suggesting their value as diagnostic adjuncts. These objective volumetric assessments may assist in surgical planning and patient stratification, though further prospective research is warranted to establish direct links with clinical outcomes.
The Effects of Active Methamphetamine Use Disorder and Regular Sports Activities on Brain Volume in Adolescents
(Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2025) Yiğit, Hüseyin; Güler, Hatice; Temircan, Zekeriya; Gökoğlu, Abdulkerim; Ökçesiz, İzzet; Artar, Müge; Dönmez, Halil; Unur, Erdoğan; Yılmaz, Halil
Objectives: Methamphetamine (MA) abuse during adolescence can have a significant impact on brain development. On the other hand, regular exercise is known to promote brain health and may have neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study is to compare brain volumes in three different adolescent groups: those with active methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), adolescent athletes who regularly exercise, and healthy control adolescents. Methods: This MRI study involved three groups of adolescents: 10 with active MUD (9 males, 1 female), nine licensed runner adolescents (three males, six females), and 10 healthy adolescents (5 males, 5 females). Brain volumes were analyzed using T1-weighted images from a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner, and then segmented automatically with vol2Brain. Statistical analyses included ANCOVA with sex as a covariate and LSD post hoc tests performed using SPSS Statistics 23. Results: Adolescents with MUD showed a 10% increase in total white matter volume compared to the athlete group. Conversely, cortical gray matter volume was reduced by 4% compared to the healthy control group and by 7% compared to the athlete group. The frontal and insular cortices in the MUD group had significantly diminished volumes compared to the athlete group. Overall, individuals with MUD had decreased gray matter volumes and increased white matter volumes in their brains. The brain volumetric differences between the MUD group and the athlete group were statistically significant. Conclusions: The brains of those with MUD displayed a reduction in gray matter volume and an increase in white matter volume, indicating damage from MA on the developing adolescent brain. The volumetric disparities between the MUD and athlete groups were found to be significantly different, suggesting a possible neuroprotective factor of exercise. Further studies are required to explore the potential of exercise-based interventions in alleviating the harmful effects of MA abuse.
The Impact of Multilevel Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion on Cervical Sagittal Alignment: A Comparative Study of Single-, Two-, and Three-Level Procedures
(Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2025) Gökoğlu, Abdulkerim; Yiğit, Hüseyin; Doğan, Kadirhan; Nisari, Mehtap; Unur, Erdoğan
Objectives: Cervical degenerative disc disease (CDD) significantly compromises patients’ quality of life through the induction of radiculopathy and myelopathy. This study endeavored to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients presenting with single-, two-, and three-level CDD. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 94 patients who underwent ACDF between December 2018 and December 2023. Patients were categorized into single-level (n = 36), two-level (n = 40), and three-level (n = 18) CDD groups. Preoperative and postoperative radiological (X-ray, MRI) and clinical (Japanese Orthopedic Association [JOA], Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) data were rigorously analyzed. Results: Statistically significant improvements in postoperative JOA and VAS scores were observed across all cohorts. Notably, the three-level CDD group exhibited a significantly lower JOA improvement rate compared to the single-level group (p = 0.040). All groups demonstrated a marked increase in cervical lordosis and disc height postoperatively (p < 0.05). Patients undergoing three-level ACDF presented with lower JOA scores than those undergoing single- or two-level procedures. Logistic regression analysis identified that the preservation of the disc height significantly correlated with a higher likelihood of achieving a greater JOA improvement. Conclusions: ACDF is established as a safe and efficacious surgical intervention for patients with single-, two-, and three-level CDD. The implementation of hybrid prostheses appears to be instrumental in maintaining lordosis in multilevel ACDF. Three-level ACDF is associated with diminished JOA improvement rates compared to single-level ACDF. Further longitudinal, multicenter investigations are warranted to validate these findings.
Impact of Arteriovenous Malformations in the Precentral and Postcentral Gyri on Intracranial Volumes
(Elsevier-Neurocirugía, 2025) Gökoğlu, Abdulkerim; Yiğit, Hüseyin; Dündar, Tolga Turan; Unur, Erdoğan; Selçuklu, Ahmet
Objective Arteriovenous malformations are known as arterial-venous shunts that connect nidus, the nourishing arteries, to draining veins. Although they are not very common in the brain, they are responsible for approximately 2% of all strokes. The volumetric changes in the surrounding brain tissues caused by cerebral arteriovenous malformations have not yet been reported. Methods To detect these volumetric changes, MR data were acquired from 38 controls and 25 unoperated patients with arteriovenous malformations in the precentral and postcentral gyrus. MR data were analyzed with vol2Brain, Ceres and HIPS pipelines. The niduses of these patients were resected by transsulcal microsurgical dissection. Results A comprehensive volumetric analysis encompassing 135 distinct brain, cerebellar, and hippocampal structures was conducted using the Vol2brain software. Comparison between the patient group and the control group revealed significant volumetric differences. Specifically, the patient group exhibited significantly larger volumes in the nucleus accumbens, fusiform gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, anterior insula, inferior lateral ventricle, and the gray matter of cerebellar lobules VIIIA and VIIIB compared with the control group. Conversely, relative to the control group, the patient group demonstrated significantly smaller volumes in the gray matter of cerebellar lobules IV, I-II, and III, as well as in the hippocampal subfields of CA2-CA3, SR-SL-SM, and the subiculum. Conclusion Arteriovenous malformations occurring in the precentral and postcentral gyrus lead to volumetric changes in structures distant from the site of the malformation, including the brain, hippocampus, and even the cerebellum. Therefore, AVMs may influence the volumes of structures located not only within their immediate brain region but also in other parts of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Understanding these volumetric changes can aid in explaining patient symptoms. However, further research is required regarding whether these volumetric changes result from the mass effect of the nidus or stem from another underlying cause.
Evaluation of the Results of Ganglion Impar Blockade in Patients with Chronic Coccydynia
(2024) Gökoğlu, Abdulkerim; Yiğit, Hüseyin; Unur, Erdoğan
Our study examined whether bupivacaine and steroid injections followed by Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation (RFT) improved symptoms among coccydynia patients. The Ganglion Impar Block (GIB) treatment of eight patients with coccydynia in our neurosurgery clinic was reviewed. A retrospective analysis of demographics, pain causes, X-ray results, types of invasive procedures, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores was performed. VAS and ODI scores were recorded before the procedure, the first day after the procedure, and three months after the procedure. The study included five females (62.5%) and three males (27.5%). The mean age of the patients was 4 0.5 ± 10.6 years, and the mean BMI was 26.21 ± 4.2 kg/m². Two patients had idiopathic neuralgia, two had trauma -related neuralgia, two had post-herpetic neuralgia, and one patient had persistent pain following previous anorectal surgery and S2 perineural c ystrelated pain. There was a significant improvement in both VAS [2.5 (range: 1 -4)] and ODI scores [4 (range: 0-34)] on the first day after the procedure (p<0.001). These low scores were maintained at the third month [VAS: 1.5 (range: 1 -10) and ODI: 1 (range: 0-78)]. In only one patient, excision of the coccyx was planned due to inadequate pain relief. In patients with coccydynia, bupivacaine and steroid injections followed by RFT provide satisfactory long -term analgesia, as evidenced by decreased VAS and ODI scores.
Ophthalmic artery originating from anterior inferior cerebellar artery: a rare variation
(Springer, 2024) Gökoğlu, Abdulkerim; Yiğit, Hüseyin; İnan, Enes; Öztürk, Burak; Dönmez, Halil; Selçuklu, Ahmet
Purpose The variations of origin of ophthalmic artery are extremely rare. Here, we aimed to present a patient had a rare variation of the ophthalmic artery. Clinical presentation The patient had a history of Moyamoya disease. The imaging studies revealed ophthalmic artery origination from basillar artery. In addition, M1-segment fusiform aneurysm, vasculitis and, as a variation, middle meningeal artery originating from the ophthalmic artery were also detected. We presented this case report as it is the first case with ophthalmic artery originating from anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Conclusion In our case we reported, M1 segment fusiform aneurysm, vasculitis, and as a variation, middle meningeal artery originating from the ophthalmic artery and anterior inferior cerebellar artery as ophthalmic artery origin and hereby present it for inclusion into the literature. Ophthalmic artery anatomical abnormalities occupies so little place in existing literature when nominating rare variations. Ophtalmic artery originating from anterior inferior cerebellar artery firstly defined as an ophthalmic artery variation including its way-out branch structures.
Effect of cervical and lumbosacral spina bifida cystica on volumes of intracranial structures in children
(Springer, 2023) Yiğit, Hüseyin; Güler, Hatice; Yılmaz, Halil; Gümüş, Ümmügülsüm Özgül; Karaman, Zehra Filiz; Güneş, Tamer
Purpose Spina bifida is a major disorder that occurs when the membranes of the spinal cord and medulla fail to close during the embryonic period and affects the individual for the rest of life. Some physical, mental, and social difficulties can be observed in the lives of children with spina bifida after surgery. The aim of this study is to determine what kind of volumetric changes occur in the brain when spina bifida occurs in different regions of the cord. Methods The volume of intracranial structures of 14 children aged 1 to 9 years (7 cervical, 7 lumbosacral) with different levels of spina bifida compared with vol2Brain. Results Spina bifida occurring in the cervical region was found to cause a greater volumetric reduction in subcortical structures, cortex and gyrus than spina bifida occurring in the lumbosacral region. Conclusion We believe that our study will help clinicians involved in the management of this disorder.
Evaluating the brainstem in children with breathholding spells
(KARE PUBL, 2023) Kaya Ozcora, Gul Demet; Kumandas, Sefer; Sagiroglu, Ayse; Acer, Niyazi; Doğanay, Selim; Yiğit, Hüseyin; Canpolat, Mehmet; Per, Hüseyin; Gümüş, Hakan
OBJECTIVE: Breath-holding spells (BHSs) are a non-epileptic paroxysmal phenomenon characterized by frequent apnea episodes, loss of consciousness, and changes in skin tone and postural tone triggered by negative stimuli of childhood. The pathophysiology of the disease remains unclear; autonomic dysregulation caused by delayed myelination is believed to play a role. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the brainstems of children with BHS using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and investigate the etiology of this phenomenon. METHODS: The study group consisted of 16 children with a history of severe breath-holding episodes (accompanied by loss of consciousness and tonic contraction due to prolonged anoxic response) and 18 age-, gender-, and handedness-matched controls. All children underwent systemic, neurologic, and cardiologic evaluation, including complete blood count, blood bio-chemistry, serum iron and ferritin level, serum vitamin B12 level, electrocardiogram, and electroencephalograms. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using a 1.5-Tesla Siemens Aera scanner (Siemens, Germany). RESULTS: Evaluation of brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata) volumes revealed no statistically significant differences between the BHS patient and control groups. In a voxel-wise analysis of DTI data, the BHS patient group had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values than the control group in the bilateral midbrain and medulla, right cortico-spinal tract, bilateral corpus callosum body and splenium, and left corpus callosum genu. In contrast, there were no significant differences in FA values in the pons, cerebellum, left corticospinal tract, and right corpus callosum genu. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we think that patients with BHS should be treated with an approach similar to other neurodevelopmental diseases and that this study may help elucidate the pathophysiology and establish the groundwork for future studies on its treatment.
Effects of pseudoephedrine on rat fetal bone development: evaluation by three different methods
(SPRINGER, 2023) Yiğit, Hüseyin; Balcıoğlu, Esra; Uçar, İlyas; Değermenci, Muhammet; Önder, Gözde Özge; Ceylan, Tayfun; Unur, Erdoğan
Pseudoephedrine (PSE) is an agent that is contained in common cold medications. The agent, which is used to treat cold and cough, is the fourth most prescribed drug group in some countries. During pregnancy, expectant mothers use PSE for colds and other reasons. One out of every four expectant mothers use PSE alone or in combination with other medicines for various reasons. This study was aimed to investigate effects of PSE on long bones development in rat during fetal growth. Pregnant rats were divided into five groups: control and four experimental groups (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg PSE). Between 1 and 20 days of pregnancy, PSE was given to them by gavage. Weights and heights of fetuses isolated by cesarean on the 21st day were measured. Ossification of femur and humerus was examined by three different methods mentioned earlier. Depending on the dose increase, all morphometric data, ossification rate and bone length of the fetuses were decreased. Besides, it was determined that the amount of Calcium in the bone tissue decreased in the analyzes made with SEM–EDX Analysis. The data obtained from this study reveal that the use of PSE during pregnancy disrupts the existing balance in the bone and negatively affects ossification due to the dose increase. In conclusion, we present descriptive and novel data on the effects of PSE use during pregnancy on the bone development of rat fetal long bones.

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