African Ecofeminist Environmentalism in Imbolo Mbue’s How Beautiful We Were

Abstract

Imbolo Mbue’s How Beautiful We Were (2021), hereafter referred to as HBWW, is an ecologically conscious narrative which notably contributes to ecocriticism, ecofeminism, and ecoactivism. Some scholars argue that ecocriticism has primarily focused on Western writers, thinkers, and activists and has overlooked African natural environments, communities, (female) lives, and black female activists. Through a Black ecofeminist lens, HBWW is shown to diversify ecocriticism and ecofeminist studies as it highlights the active concern and engagement of Africans, particularly African women, with nature throughout history. Mbue raises awareness about various forms of environmental destruction and struggles, while showcasing the promise, uniqueness, and complexity of an Africa-centered ecocriticism. Moreover, African ecofeminist environmental thinking necessitates bringing African communitarian philosophy and ubuntu into the discourse (Chemhuru, 3). In contrast to patriarchal, hierarchical, individualistic and elitist structures in western society, Mbue’s African ecofeminism focuses on the communal and interconnected aspects of the human and non-human realms. Through Munamato Chemhuru’s theorization of African Communitarian Philosophy and ubuntu, African women and men perceive themselves as human manifestations of natural beings guided by nature. They are not the passive victims or bystanders of environmental degradation; instead, nature becomes a catalyst for their regeneration, activism, and empowerment. Furthermore, Mbue’s novel establishes a connection between African ecofeminist perspective and the quest for socio-ecological equity. Although the ecological struggle is a communal endeavor, it is Thula as its leader, fighting on behalf of others. Finally, Mbue’s African ecofeminist environmentalism, critically examines and reevaluates the rhetoric of environmental justice, mobilization, and ecoactivism.