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Materiality of Modernism in Virginia Woolf's Essays
(2023) Bayraktar, Nurten
It is acknowledged that Virginia Woolf’s influential modernist novels primarily focus on self and spirituality. Although her emphasis on the materiality of life and literature, which is closely intertwined with spirituality, was a fundamental aspect of Virginia Woolf’s works, it was partially overlooked by critics. However, recent studies on the subject of materiality in literature have provided new insights into how objects are portrayed in Woolf’s fiction, which suggests that Woolf’s emphasis on the material world deserves more consideration. This paper asserts that Virginia Woolf’s emphasis on the material world as an integral aspect of life and literature is evident in several of her essays, particularly in “Modern Fiction” (1921), “Mr Bennet and Mrs Brown” (1924) “Robinson Crusoe” (1925) and “The New Biography” (1927). By examining Woolf’s defense of the Georgian writers’ techniques, which focus on the portrayal of human life connected with materiality, as opposed to the Edwardians’ emphasis on social and material details as bare facts with no connection to spirituality, this research highlights the significance of materiality in literature for Woolf.
A Study of Henrik Ibsen’s The Lady from the Sea from the Perspective of Ecofeminism
(2023) Bulut Sarıkaya, Dİlek
Growing out of an academic and activist sensitivity towards the analogous exploitation of nature and women, ecofeminism has gained widespread recognition and popularity across disciplines since the last decades of the 20th century. Condemnation of dualistic constructions, fostering the violation of the rights of women and nature is the central argument put forward by ecofeminism which is unwaveringly committed to revealing the anthropocentric and patriarchal ideologies as conjoint systems of oppression and subjugation. A link to ecofeminism can be found in Henrik Ibsen’s play, The Lady from the Sea (1888). Accordingly, the sea plays a key role in governing the lives of individuals like how the central character, Ellida’s social alienation from the people around her is juxtaposed with her physical and psychological intimacy with the sea. This study is anchored on elucidating Ibsen’s play from an ecofeminist viewpoint by drawing together Ellida’s patriarchal oppression in her marriage with the brutal exploitation of nature, squandered by humans whose anthropocentric misconceptions and consumerist concerns disallow them to perceive nature as a living organism. An ecofeminist approach to The Lady from the Sea will provide a better insight into the play’s consolidation of the gender issue with environmental deterioration as two inextricably linked problems.
DYLAN THOMAS’ ANIMALIZED SELF: A ZOOPOETICAL READING OF DYLAN THOMAS’ POETRY
(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2023) Bulut Sarıkaya, Dilek
Zoopoetics emerges as a reaction to the conventional poetic tradition that represents animals as silenced objects and symbolic elements of literature. Aligning animals with agency, subjectivity, and self-consciousness, zoopoetics treats animals as the essential and dynamic actors of the literary activity and refuses to perceive them as simple background materials. Hence, rising awareness towards animals and reconfiguring a more intimate and interdependent relationship between humans and nonhuman animals are the substantial issues, put forward by zoopoetics. Animals, undeniably, occupy a predominant place in the poetry of Dylan Thomas who incessantly emphasizes material and spiritual affinity between human and nonhuman animals. In this respect, zoopoetical scrutiny of Dylan Thomas’ poetry will be the prevailing concern of this study to unravel the poet’s unconventional identification with animals as his spiritual partners and companions. Reading Dylan Thomas’ poetry from the perspective of zoopoetical criticism will provide a wider insight to Thomas’ notion of animality, immersed in the human self as well as the agentic capacity of animals in the making of his poetry. Keywords: Zoopoetics, Animals, Dylan Thomas, Poetry, Agency
A Material Ecocritical Approach to the Poetry of Dylan Thomas
(2022) Bulut Sarıkaya, Dilek
Material ecocriticism, representing a material turn in ecocritical studies, is faithfully committed to undermine the anthropocentric ideology of humans’ superiority over the natural environment and reconfigures human and nonhuman beings as materially entangled entities whose stories as well as physical bodies are interwoven together. What essentially emphasized by the material ecocritical theory is the indistinguishable relatedness and the coexistence of the physical universe and the textuality, the mattfer and the language, human and nature. Demolishing human’s exceptional status over nature and rejecting any kind of human guardianship of nature, material ecocriticism unshackles nature from human representations, definitions or meanings and attributes vitality and agency to natural elements that are capable of producing meaningful stories of their own. Accordingly, Dylan Thomas (1924-1953) reinforces man’s situatedness within the earth throughout his poetry, instead of constructing impermeable discrepancies between human and nature. Thomas develops material ecological understanding of the universe in which human and nonhuman entities are biologically connected to each other. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze Dylan Thomas’ poetry from the perspective of material ecocriticism to provide an insight to Thomas’ depiction of nature as a dynamic entity rather than as a passive object. Keywords: Dylan Thomas, poetry, material ecocriticism, nature
THE SUBVERSIVE FEMALE INDENTITY IN STEVIE SMITH’S POETRY
(Dicle Üniversitesi, 2023) Bulut Sarıkaya, Dilek
This study focuses on analyzing the radical female voices in Stevie Smith?s (1902-1971) poetry which is distinguished by its humorous, and at same time, extremely tragic approach to the enslavement of women within marriage that is an ideologically laden institution where the patriarchal domination of women is guaranteed through stereotypically constructed gender roles. In this regard, Stevie Smith does not simply criticize the hegemony of men in patriarchal societies, but also thoroughly interrogates the intangible roles of women in strengthening and maintaining the perpetuation of the patriarchal ideology which ensures that the subordinated position of women should be normalized within families and transmitted by mothers to their daughters. Thus, women who are the major galvanizers of the patriarchal ideology cannot circumvent Smith?s harsh denunciation while resistant female characters, who tenaciously overturn the hegemonic power of the patriarchy, are given the loudest voice to express themselves. Keywords: Stevie Smith, Modern English Poetry, Patriachy, Subversive Female Identity
The Duality of High and Low Culture in D. H. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover
(2023) Bulut Sarıkaya, Dilek
Lawrence, in Lady Chatterley’s Lover (1928), reflects the post-war modern British society which condemns its individuals into a psychological trauma of ongoing conflicts between different classes and cultures. Advocating the exigency of a classless society, Lawrence shatters the hegemonic ideology of the highbrow culture which disdains working class culture as vulgar, coarse and commonplace. Reacting against the cultural displacement of working classes who are considered as masses, Lawrence indulges in revealing the authenticity and earnestness of the working class culture. Lawrence’s depiction of an uncorrupt ethical standing of the working class culture is the negation of the concept of culture, associated with high class manners and ways of life. The prevailing concern of this study, therefore, will be to analyze Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover from the perspective of cultural studies to unravel the clash of high and low cultures in relation to the hierarchical class structure of the post-war England.
Margaret Postgate Cole’s Poetry of the First World War
(2023) Bulut Sarıkaya, Dilek
Abstract The First World War marks an inevitable transformation in the traditional gender roles of women from being passive domestic sustainers of the family into active contributors in social life as voluntary nurses, ambulance drivers, and factory workers. Nevertheless, women’s poetic contributions to literary represen tations of war continue to be precariously neglected till the publication of Catherine Reilly’s Scars Upon my Heart in 1981, a war anthology of seventy-nine women poets. Margaret Postgate Cole (1893-1980) is among these women war poets who provide a distinguished feminine insight into the experience of war, different from the male perspective. Far from displaying an amateurishly sentimental and romanticized engagement with war, Margaret Postgate Cole shows a great artistic aptitude in unmasking the conniving ideological roots of war that are reinforced by the patriarchal authorities. Cole, in her poetry, concentrates on the unjustifiable ideology of war, preying on innocent young soldiers. The aim of this article, therefore, is to analyze Cole’s poetry of the First World War to demonstrate her profound awareness of the meaninglessness of the war that is promulgated by the rulers and decision makers.
Antroposen’de Türlerarası Adalet için Bir Model: Çalışma ve Ölüm Temelinde İnsan-Hayvan Ortaklıkları
(Enormis Yayınları, 2023) Akıllı, Sinan
Antroposen Çağı’nın öne çıkan bir özelliği bu tarihsel dönemde insanlar ve hayvanlar arasındaki sınırların bulanıklaşması veya ortadan kalkması olmuştur. Ancak insanlar ve hayvanlar arasındaki etkileşimlerin bu çağdaki insan medeniyetinin şekillenmesinde oynadığı önemli role ve Antroposen’in insanlar ve hayvanlar tarafından beraber yazılan bir tarih olmasına rağmen hayvanlar Antroposen çalışmaları içerisinde yakın zamana kadar yine insanmerkezci bir tutum nedeniyle göz ardı edilmişlerdir. Antroposen’de ve Antroposen sonrası dönemde türlerarası adaletin tesisi için felsefi bakış açılarında değişimlere ve yeni düşünce modellerine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu makalede türlerarası adaletin sağlanmasına yönelik olarak insan-hayvan ortaklıklarının ve benzerliklerinin çalışma ve ölüm pratikleri üzerinden ele alınması bir düşünce modeli olarak önerilmektedir. Çalışma bağlamındaki irdelemenin hem fiziksel / bedensel iş yapma anlamında hem de “semiyotik iş yükü” anlamında yapılmasının gerekliliği vurgulanmakta, ayrıca çalışma ve ölüm temelindeki insan-hayvan ortaklığının ve benzerliğinin seçilmiş kültürel ve edebî metinlerde “sanatsal” bir düzenlemeyle nasıl tasvir edildiği incelenmekte ve özellikle de edebiyatın çalışma ve ölüm pratikleri üzerinden türlerarası adaletin tesisine yönelik önemli ve dönüştürücü bir rol oynayabileceği seçilmiş örnekler üzerinden gösterilmekte ve tartışılmaktadır.
Post-Impressionism and Virginia Woolf's Experimentation with Literary Forms
(2022) Bayraktar, Nurten
Virginia Woolf as one of the leading figures of modernist literature was in pursuit of challenging the so-called limitations of form in fiction. Triggered by the intellectual discussions in the Bloomsbury Group, formed by a group of intellectuals and artists in England, she attempted to redefine literary form by reorganizing her fiction to oppose the painters in the group who believed that literary form is restricted because of the nature of language. Influenced by her discussions with post-impressionist artists such as Vanessa Bell, Clive Bell and Roger Fry, Woolf acknowledged that artistic creativity is intermingled by “a myriad impressions” of an “ordinary mind on an ordinary day” with its own peculiarities and dissonances. Similarly, post-impressionism rejects objectivity as a necessity in realist painting and embraces spiritualism and personality in artistic expression. Knowing that literature is not solely composed of abstract ideas, Woolf even tested new printing techniques. In her novels, not only content and narrative techniques but also the norms regarding physical organization of a book are challenged. Therefore, Woolf greyed the lines between form and content by rendering the book itself as a fragmented material. Consequently, this paper aims to discuss Woolf’s experimentalism in her selected works as a modernist attempt to blur the borders of the two edging literary components—form and content—by looking into the influences of post-impressionist art on her fiction.
Ruling the Lawless: Rise of Authoritarianism in Times of Crisis in Ling Ma's Severance
(Literary Voice, 2022) Hotaman, İncihan
The existence of a political authority is such a customary part of our daily lives that often we are able to ignore and even forget it. However, only when we imagine its absence from our lives via post-apocalyptic fiction, we realize the importance of a democratically chosen and built governance over what would have been an authoritarian rule. Similarly, Ling Ma's first novel Severance with the eerie similarity of its events to the Coronavirus pandemic, is one of those works that shows us the unadulterated social and political chaos emerging from the lack of a central government or authority, through the story of nine survivors of a globally destructive disease. Moreover, since the emergence of an authoritarian rule during times of crisis is one of the key elements found in Severance, this paper aims to examine and analyze the ways in which the power of the leader turns into an authoritarian control during a global pandemic that resulted in the annihilation of almost all humanity.
Buddhist Reception in Pulp Science Fiction Get access Arrow
(2021) Clarke, Jim Gerrard
Science fiction has a lengthy history of irreligion. In part, this relates to its titular association with science itself, which, as both methodology and ontological basis, veers away from revelatory forms of knowledge in order to formulate hypotheses of reality based upon experimental praxis. However, during science fiction’s long antipathy to faith, Buddhism has occupied a unique and sustained position within the genre. This article charts the origins of that interaction, in the pulp science fiction magazines of the late 1920s and early 1930s, in which depictions of Buddhism quickly evolve from ‘Yellow Peril’ paranoia towards something much more intriguing and accommodating, and in so doing, provide a genre foundation for the environmental concerns of much 21st-century science fiction.
“‘TRUTH IS AN ODD NUMBER’: MODERNISM AND THE EARLY POSTMODERNISM OF FLANN O’BRIEN’S AT SWIM-TWO-BIRDS”.
(JOURNAL OF MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM STUDIES (JOMOPS), 2021) Hotaman, İncihan
This paper explores Flann O’Brien’s novel, At Swim-Two-Birds(1939) in a unique position located right between modernism and postmodernism. Influenced by Irish Modernism as well as Irish Nationalism, the novel carries some significant elements from Irish mythology into the present day and creates a superimposition of the historical and the modern. Moreover, its postmodern take on creative processes and the autonomy of characters within itself reveals the novel’s highly metafictional and self-reflexive in nature, which at first seems to be in conflict with its modernist roots. In addition, the distinctive postmodernist essence of At Swim-Two-Birds can be considered to be the precursor to John Fowles’ Mantissa. Moreover, the clash of modernist and postmodernist elements in the novel emphasizes the difference between the two movements as O’Brien uses postmodernist techniques to challenge the modernist ones he, himself, uses frequently. In this regard, he demystifies concepts such as myth, literary creation and being a young artist through its humorous yet critical take on the unnamed narrator
What Matters Most Is the Wounded Planet
(Routledge, 2021) Oppermann, Serpil
Indeed, “something miniscule” – an almost indelible entity – has toppled life on a global scale for almost two years now, impelling us to notice the precariousness of life “that hang(s) together in fragile coordinations” (Swanson et al. M2). Shaped by the destabilizing forces of a deadly virus infection, lock-down depression, and the resulting social traumas, we are now living in the Pandemic-Ridden Age of the Anthropocene.
Review of Constellations: Children of Men by Dan Dinello
(Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, 2020) Atasoy, Emrah
Atasoy, Emrah. Review of Constellations: Children of Men by Dan Dinello (Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire: Auteur Press, 2019. 132 pp.). Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 31.3 (2020): 453-456.
Speculative Fiction Studies in Turkey: A Preliminary Survey
(Penn State University, 2021) Atasoy, Emrah
“Speculative Fiction Studies in Turkey: A Preliminary Survey.”
DYSTOPIA: MAPPING LITERARY LEGACIES AND HELLISH FUTURES
(Akbank Sanat, 2021) Atasoy, Emrah; Horan, Thomas
When it comes to utopian literature (depictions of better places), anti-utopian literature (satirical critiques of someone else’s conception of a better place), and dystopian literature (depictions of bad places), the distinctions are almost entirely subjective (Horan, “Totalitarian” 54). William Morris, for instance, famously regarded Edward Bellamy’s sanguine Looking Backward (1888) as a dystopia, proposing a different socialist alternative to capitalism in News From Nowhere (1890), a novel that is therefore both utopian and anti-utopian, depending on your perspective.
Family Disintegration in What the Butler Saw by Joe Orton
(Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2021) Atasoy, Emrah
Joe Orton’s farcical play What the Butler Saw (1967) presents a group of characters of middle-class background who find themselves in unexpected situations throughout the play. These unanticipated situations lead these characters, namely Dr. Prentice, Mrs. Prentice, Geraldine, and Nicholas, to go beyond the predestined limits of their traditional roles that may be regarded as suitable for their class. This breach reveals numerous farcical circumstances which disclose how the portrayed family gradually disintegrates because there no longer exists a strong emotional bond between them, as they look for emotional connection outside their lives. In this respect, various issues and themes such as the illustration of family, incestuous relationship, the use and misuse of scientific knowledge, the connection between psychiatry and insanity, the problematic projection of gender, and a critique of middle-class manners play a highly significant role in Orton’s text, as they reveal the intricate troublesome relationship between the depicted family members. In this article, therefore, brief biographical information about Joe Orton will be first given; his dramatic style will be briefly explained, and family disintegration will be discussed through relevant references to Orton’s What the Butler saw as well as numerous relevant secondary sources.
Conflict between the Individual and Society in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit
(Bilgiçağı Eğitim Danışmanlık ve Yayıncılık Sanayi Ticaret Limited Şirketi, 2021) Atasoy, Emrah
Jeanette Winterson’s novel, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985) illustrates the story of a young girl, Jeanette, who experiences suppressive upbringing at the hands of her mother and her surroundings. Through the portrayal of her transition into adulthood, the novel touches on numerous challenging issues such as gender, identity, and the reliability of the mainstream patriarchal discourse. The main character’s gradual transformation reveals the controversial aspects of her society juxtaposed with her sexual orientation as a lesbian and her oppositional stance against the ingrained doctrine of the Church. This study will, in this respect, discuss Jeanette’s rebellion as an individual against her oppressive society in Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit through specific references from the primary source and relevant secondary sources in an ultimate attempt to reveal how identity, gender roles, and truth are all discursive practices.
Satire in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker by Tobias Smollett
(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2021) Atasoy, Emrah
Satire is a powerful technique used by numerous writers in order to reveal and criticize the problematic aspects of their societies. The contextual background of a literary work in this regard may play an instrumental role in such criticism, which is projected through either explicit or implicit satire depending on the choice of the writer. The Scottish writer Tobias Smollett’s last novel, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), written in the epistolary form, is one of these literary texts that draws on satire through the technique of comparison, namely comparing England and Scotland. This article will in this respect present brief relevant information about the novel prior to the textual analysis and then discuss how Smollett makes use of satire, especially social and political satire illustrated from different characters’ perspectives, in order to criticize England through letters with specific references from the primary text and relevant secondary sources.
The Art of Possible Over the Art of Actuality: Review of 12 Monkeys by Susanne Kord (Auteur Press)
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Atasoy, Emrah
Susanne Kord’s book, 12 Monkeys (2019) analyzes the director Terry Gilliam’s film, 12 Monkeys (1995) that illustrates a deadly virus released in 1996 as its triggering force, which was in return inspired by the director, Chris Marker’s film, La Jetée (1962). Kord’s book may be of special interest to academics, scholars, and researchers in such disciplines as media studies, film studies, literature, sociology, history, and philosophy with its rich theoretical and analytical content. Although the book offers a critical analysis of the film with specific references to other films such as Hitchcock’s Vertigo (1958) and Birds (1963), and Die Hard (1988); philosophical, scientific, and theoretical sources of such figures as Einstein, Schopenhauer, Spinoza, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Foucault; intertextual references like “Omar Khayyam and The Rubaiyat, the Book of Revelations, Virgil’s Aeneid, Hesiod, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein;” and to mythological and folk literature sources such as Prometheus and Cassandra complex, it can also be accessible to a wider audience with its easy-tounderstand language and pellucidity (Kord 2019, 13).

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