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Unveiling the Protective Potential of Crocin in Septic Acute Liver Injury via Assessment of TLR4/HGM1/NF??B Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Stress and Heat Shock Response
(Cell Biochemistry and Function, 2025) Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Kaymak, Emin; Ceylan, Tayfun; Kuloğlu, Nurhan; Karabulut, Derya; Toluk, Ayşe
Sepsis, defined as a systemic inflammatory response, is one of the conditions with the highest mortality rates. Crosin (CRO) is one of the active ingredients in saffron and known for its various pharmacological effects. It has been reported to have protective and healing effects on liver tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of CRO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury. 40 male Wistar Albino rats aged 8–12 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, CRO (50?mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration for 9 days), LPS (30?mg/kg, single dose), and LPS?+?CRO (50?mg/kg CRO for 9 days along with a single dose of 30?mg/kg LPS). Following the experimental procedure, liver and blood samples were collected for further analyses. Histopathological analysis revealed a marked increase in liver damage in the LPS group, as evidenced by significant histopathological changes. In contrast, the liver histology in the LPS?+?CRO group closely resembled that of the Control and CRO groups, exhibiting substantially less damage compared to the LPS group. Immunohistochemical examinations showed a significant increase in the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, NF-?B, TNF- ?, HSP70, and HSP90 in the LPS group. However, in the LPS?+?CRO group, the levels of these markers were significantly lower compared to the LPS group. ELISA analyses showed a significant increase in MDA, IL-6, and TGF-? and a decrease in SOD, CAT, GSH levels in the LPS group. Conversely, in the LPS?+?CRO group, CRO applications exhibited a significant protective effect on these alterations. Additionally, AST, ALT, and LDH levels were significantly elevated in the LPS group, while albumin levels were lower in the LPS group. CRO applications in the LPS?+?CRO group were observed to have a protective effect on these parameters. We believe that CRO holds significant potential in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases such as septic acute liver injury and should not be overlooked.
EFFECT OF BEE BREAD ON LIVER 5HT2B-MEDIATED GLUCOSE REGULATION IN ALZHEIMER'S RAT MODEL
(ULAKBİM, 2024) Afşar, Ebru; Doğan, Kadirhan; Kantar Gül, Deniz; Kuzzu, Alev Duygu
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of bee bread on glucose regulation and weight change through the change of insulin, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and leptin hormones in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
How does zinc chelation affect liver sphingolipid metabolism in an Alzheimer's-like model?
(ELSEVIER, 2025) Ebru, Afşar; Kantar Gül, Deniz
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Cyclo-Z, a combination of Cyclo (His-Pro) plus zinc, on hepatic sphingolipid (SL) metabolism and antioxidant properties in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Alzheimer's disease rat model created via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) amyloid beta-42 oligomer (A?O) injection into the lateral ventricles. Cyclo-Z administration was performed with daily gavage for 3 weeks after the A?O injection. Ceramide, ceramide kinase (CERK), sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), glutathione (GSH), total oxidant capacity (TOS), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and caspase-3 levels were measured with Elisa kit in liver tissue. Results: S1P, CERK and GSH levels increased and ceramide, TOS, 4 HNE, and caspase-3 levels decreased in the liver tissues of AD group. Cyclo-Z treatment decreased S1P, CERK, ceramide and caspase-3 levels but increased TOS and 4-HNE levels in the liver tissues of AD group. Conclusion: These results showed that SL metabolism was modulated to generate an anti-apoptotic defense system in liver tissue of AD rats.
Research on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Protective Effect of Melatonin against Cardiotoxicity Following Cisplatin Treatment
(Medical Journal of Bakirkoy, 2024) Ceylan, Tayfun; Ünsal, Murat; Kaymak, Emin; Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Kuloğlu, Nurhan; Karabulut, Derya; Yakan, Birkan
Objective: Cisplatin (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug that causes cardiotoxicity. Melatonin (MEL) is secreted by the pineal gland throughout the night. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of MEL against cardiotoxicity associated with CP exposure. Methods: Physiological saline was applied to Group 1 (control) throughout the experiment. A single dose of CP (7 mg/kg) was administered to Group 2 on the 5th day of the experiment. Group 3 received MEL (10 mg/kg) for 7 days and CP (7 mg/kg) on day 5. MEL (10 mg/kg) was administered to group 4 for 7 days. On the 8th day of the experiment, the hearts were removed under anesthesia. Sections taken from heart tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological evaluation. Additionally, heart tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained for 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78), growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD 153), and connexins (Cx 43) expression. Results: CP application caused cellular damage and disrupted heart tissue tissue integrity. At the same time, CP application caused an increase in the expression of GRP-78 and GADD 153, whereas it caused a decrease in the expression of Cx43. MEL application heals cell damage and impaired tissue integrity. However, while reducing GRP-78 and GADD153 expression; CX had an effect of increasing expression. Conclusion: MEL may have a protective effect against CP-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Effect of thymoquinone on NRF2/NF-kB/MAPK pathway in methotrexate-induced rat testis injury
(Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2024) Kaymak, Emin; Ceylan, Tayfun; Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Kuloğlu, Nurhan; Sayan, Meryem; Değer, Necla; Önal, Esra; Yıldırım, Ayşegül Burçin; Karabulut, Derya
Objective(s): In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of Thymoquinone (THQ) against testicular damage caused by Methotrexate (MTX). Materials and Methods: This study consists of 5 groups: Control, Olive oil, THQ, MTX, and MTX+THQ. At the end of the experiment, spermiogram analysis was performed on the rats. In addition, testicular tissues were taken and histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry analysis were performed. Biochemical analyses were performed on the serums. Results: According to the results obtained, spermiogram values, Johnson’s testicular biopsy score, SOD, CAT, GPx, FSH, LH, and testosterone values were statistically significantly decreased in the MTX group compared to the control group. In the MTX+THQ group, spermiogram values, Johnson’s testicular biopsy score, SOD, CAT, GPx, FSH, LH, and testosterone values increased statistically significantly compared to the MTX group. NRF2 and HO-1 immunoreactivity were statistically significantly decreased in the MTX group compared to the control group. In the MTX+THQ group, NRF2 and HO-1 immunoreactivity were statistically significantly increased compared to the MTX group. The level of MDA, which is important in lipid damage, and the level of biochemistry results of TNF-?, IL1-?, and IL-6, which are important markers, and the results of p-NF-kB and P38 immunoreactivity were statistically significantly increased in the MTX group compared to the control group. In the MTX+THQ group, these parameters showed a significant decrease compared to the MTX group. Conclusion: According to these results, it is thought that THQ will play a protective role against infertility caused by chemotherapy-induced testicular damage.
Effects Of Folic Acid Versus Nicotine On Bone Development
(Dergi Park, 2024) Doğan, Kadirhan; Nisari, Mehtap; Payas, Ahmet; Ertekin, Tolga; Güler, Hatice; Al, Özge
Purpose: Nicotine exposure during pregnancy directly or indirectly harms not only the mother but also the fetal tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of folic acid given against nicotine used during pregnancy on bone development of fetuses. Materials and Methods: 18 adult female rats were divided into control, low-dose nicotine (LDN), high-dose nicotine (HDN), low-dose nicotine + folic acid (LDN + FA), high-dose nicotine + folic acid (HDN + FA), and folic acid (FA) group equally. During 20 days, 1 ml/kg serum physiologic (SP) solution to the control group, 3 mg/kg nicotine to LDN, 6 mg/kg nicotine to HDN, 3 mg/kg nicotine and 400 µg/kg FA to LDN+FA, 6 mg/kg nicotine and 400 µg/kg FA to HDN+FA, 400 µg/kg FA to the FA group was administered. Bones of fetuses taken by cesarean section on the 20th day of pregnancy were stained with the bilateral skeleton staining technique. The stained anterior and posterior extremity bones were photographed under a stereomicroscope. Bone length, extent of ossification and percentage of ossification were measured. Statistical data were evaluated using the R programming language (v. 3.2.3). Results: The bone development of LDN and HDN groups was significantly lower and LDN+FA and HDN+FA groups was close to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: While nicotine used during pregnancy decreases the bone development of fetuses, FA may decrease this effect and increase ossification.
Crocin Suppresses Inflammatory Response in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) Via Regulation of HMGB1/TLR4 Inflammation Pathway
(DergiPark, 2024) Ceylan, Tayfun; Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Kaymak, Emin; Varinli, Şaban; Toluk, Ayşe
Background and Purpose: The most significant pathogen hypothesized to be causing the formation of Acute lung injury (ALI) in sepsis is thought to be lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key endotoxin component of gram-negative bacteria. The main objective of this study is to determine possible anti-inflammatory effects of crocin (CRO) which has many biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic in LPS-induced ALI. Methods: 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control (no treatment), CRO (given 50 mg/kg crocin for 9 days), LPS (given 30 mg/kg LPS at 9th day), LPS+CRO (given 50 mg/kg crocin for 9 days and 30 mg/kg LPS at 9th day). After experimental, rats were sacrificed and lungs were extracted. Histological examinations were performed in the lung tissue and the changes in the HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions were determined via immunohistochemical staining. Results and Conclusion: Hemorrhage, mononuclear cell infiltration and HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions significantly increased in the LPS group. However, CRO administrations exerted a strong protective effect on the lungs in terms of these parameters in LPS+CRO group. According to our results, we suggest that CRO can be considered as a protective agent against LPS induced ALI via inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4 pathway-mediated inflammatory response.
Effect of vitamin B12 on methotrexate-induced cardiotoxicity in rats
(Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2024) Kuloğlu, Nurhan; Karabulut, Derya; Kaymak, Emin; Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Ceylan, Tayfun; Yıldırım, Ayşegül Burçin; Yakan, Birkan
Objective(s): Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects and is also a folic acid antagonist. Our aim in this study is to determine the molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity caused by MTX, a chemotherapeutic drug, and to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin B12 on this toxicity. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 rats were used in our study and 4 groups were formed. Control group, Vit B12 group (3 ?g/kg B12 for 15 days, IP), MTX group (20 mg/kg MTX single dose on day 8 of the experiment, IP), MTX +Vit B12 group (3 ?g/kg, IP ), Vit B12 throughout the 15 days, and a single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX (IP) on day 8 of the experiment. Immunohistochemically, expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1? (HIF1-?), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), erythropoietin (EPO), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated in the heart tissue. Total catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the heart tissue. At the same time, ANP and NT-proBNP levels were measured in the blood serum. Results: In the study, the expression of HIF1-? and VEGFR-2 increased significantly in the MTX group, while IL-6 and EPO significantly decreased. At the same time, CAT and SOD levels were significantly decreased and MDA levels increased significantly in the MTX group. While vitamin B12 significantly corrected all these values, it also greatly reduced the increases in ANP and NT-proBNP levels caused by MTX. Conclusion: It is important to use Vit B12 before and after MTX administration to replace the folate that MTX has reduced.
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfectants on the biofilm formation in dental unit water systems using dip slide and conventional methods: A pilot study
(Wiley, 2024) Pelin Özmen; Hilal Erdoğan; Aslıhan Güngördü; Bülent Pişkin; Funda Kont Çobankara; Serdar Sütcü; Nesrin Şahin
Objective: Biofilm formation in dental waterlines brings opportunistic infections, especially for immunosuppressive patients. This study aimed to determine biofilm-forming microorganisms by various methods and investigate disinfectants' effects on biofilm. Materials & methods: In the study, samples were obtained from the waterlines of 10-15 aged six dental units, before (0 min.) and after chlorine dioxide (ClO2 ) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) treatment (1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min.), and total colony counts were performed using conventional surface smear method (SSM) and dip slide method (DSM). The Congo red agar and Christensen methods were used to examine the biofilm-forming properties of the isolates. Monitoring of biofilm presence was also visualized by SEM scanning. Results: When DSM and SSM are compared in all units where ClO2 and HOCl are applied, DSM can detect bacterial growth even during periods of greater exposure to disinfectant application. Although DSM can achieve a value approaching 3% even at the 10th minute in units treated with HOCl; SSM does not show reproduction at the same disinfectant exposure and duration; It was observed that in the units where ClO2 was applied, the growth was no longer observed at the 10th minute with DSM, and SSM, 50% growth in the first minute of the units treated with ClO2 could not be detected in the 5th minute. Conclusions: It is concluded that it can be advisable to routinely disinfect the dental unit water systems with non-toxic doses of ClO2 application before patient treatments in clinics and also to perform contamination controls at regular intervals with DSM, which is a sensitive and very practical method. Research highlights: It has been observed that the dip slide method can count bacteria more sensitively than conventional methods in dental water systems without the need for experienced personnel and equipment. The difference between biofilm formation in water systems before and after disinfectant exposure in SEM examinations is remarkable. The effects of ClO2 and HOCl on biofilm were investigated and bacterial growth was inhibited in dental units between 5 and 10 minutes with both disinfectants.
Investigation of the effect of thymoquinone on kidney damage in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats and cardiorenal interactions
(Experimental and Applied Medical Science, 2023) Yıldırım, Ayşegül Burçin; Değer, Necla; Sayan, Meryem; Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Ceylan, Tayfun; Kaymak, Emin; Kara, Mehmet; Ünsal, Murat; Karabulut, Derya
This study aimed to determine whether thymoquinone has any protective effects on renal tissue after an isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI). Experimental groups were formed as 4 groups (n=8). Control group (C). Thymoquinone group (THQ), 20 mg/kg single dose intragastric (i.g.) daily for seven days. Isoproterenol group (ISO) was administered 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally in two doses on days 7 and 8 of the experiment. Thymoquinone+Isoproterenol group (THQ+ISO), THQ 20 mg/kg i.g. was administered once a day for seven days. In addition, two doses of ISO 100 mg/kg i.p. were administered on the seventh and eighth days. Kidney tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Kidney tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF-?) and alpha Smooth Muscle Actin(?-SMA) immunoreactivity density changes were determined by immunohistochemistry. Glutathione(GST), Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) and Interleukin-6(IL-6) levels were evaluated by ELISA method. Isoproterenol injection caused severe histopathological changes on kidney tissue. Also TNF-? and ?-SMA levels were found to be higher in groups where ISO was administered. THQ could be effective on kidney tissue to partially correct these histopathological damages, by decreasing fibrosis and inflammation. This study shows that treatment with THQ is effective in preventing kidney damage caused by ISO-induced MI. We think that THQ as a supplementary food will be effective to prevent kidney damage.
Thymoquinone reduces methotrexate-induced heart damage: a histopathological study in rats
(Cukurova Medical Journal, 2023) Yıldırım, Ayşegül Burçin; Kaymak, Emin; Ceylan, Tayfun; Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Kuloğlu, Nurhan; Sayan, Meryem; Değer, Necla; Önal, Esra; Karabulut, Derya
Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of thymoquinone on cardiac tissue in MTX-induced cardiac toxicity in rats with various parameters. Materials and Methods: Group I (n=8) was administered intraperitoneal saline for 10 days. Intraperitoneal olive oil was applied to Group II (n=8) for 10 days. Group III (n=8) received 10 mg/kg Thymoquinone (THQ) intraperitoneally for 10 days. Group IV (n=8) was administered a single dose of 20 mg/kg Methotrexate (MTX), 500 mg/20 ml, intraperitoneally on the 1st day of the experiment. Group V (n=8) MTX: 20 mg/kg single dose intraperitoneally on the 1st day; THQ: 10mg/kg i.p. administered for 10 days. Since Methotrexate was in liquid form, no solvent was used. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed for analysis of heart tissue. The structure of heart tissue was evaluated by hematoxylin eosin staining. Immunohistochemically, Connexin-43, HSP90, and HIF 1? antibodies were stained. Results: Group IV was found to have histopathological deterioration, which was ameliorated by THQ. In addition to this; Connexin-43 immunoreactivity was the lowest in Group IV compared to other groups: 108.5±7.4. Compared to other groups, HSP90 immunoreactivity was highest in Group IV: 103.6±10.4. Compared to other groups, HIF-1? immunoreactivity was highest in Group IV: 95.2 ±9.1. Conclusion: Thymoquinone has a positive effect on Connexin-43, one of the proteins providing conduction in intercalary discs, HSP90, one of the chaperones in the cell and HIF-1? expression against MTX toxicity. At the same time, THQ provides a significant improvement in cardiac tissue histopathologically by showing a cardioprotective effect.
Protective effect of melatonin on cisplatin induced acute kidney injury: Role of regulation of heat shock proteins expressions
(Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2023) Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Ünsal, Murat; Ceylan, Tayfun; Kaymak, Emin; Öztürk, Emel; Kuloğlu, Nurhan; Karabulut, Derya; Yakan, Birkan
Chemotherapy is one of the major treatment approaches for cancer, and these agents are known to cause severe side effects, including damaging vital organs. Cisplatin (CP) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of many cancer types, particularly lung, breast, ovarian, testicular and head-neck cancers. CP is reported to cause damage to damage on brain, kidney, liver and gonads. In this study, is we investigated the protective effects of melatonin (MEL) in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by CP via assessment of heat-shock protein (HSP) induction in rats. For this purpose, total 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control (n=10), MEL (n=10, 10 mg/kg/i.p. melatonin for 8 days), CP (n=10, 7 mg/kg/i.p. cisplatin at the 5th day), and CP+MEL (n=10, 10 mg/kg/i.p. melatonin for 8 days and 7 mg/kg/i.p. cisplatin at the 5th day). After kidney tissues were extracted, histopathological changes were evaluated and immunoreactivities of HSP47, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in renal cortex were detected via immunohistochemistry. Moreover, blood serum BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine and uric acid levels were measured to assess kidney function. CP group showed histopathological deterioration, and MEL treatment attenuated this damage in CP+MEL group. An increase in HSPs immunoreactivities were detected in renal cortex of CP group when compared with the control and MEL groups, showing increased HSP response because of CP-induced AKI. However, CP-induced HSP induction was significantly lower in the CP+MEL group. Similarly, blood serum BUN, creatinine and uric acid levels were higher in CP group while CP+MEL group showed decreased levels of these parameters. Our results suggest that MEL could exert a significant protective effect against CP-induced AKI via reducing HSP response.
Therapeutic effect of thymoquinone on brain damage caused by nonylphenol exposure in rats
(Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2023) Ceylan, Tayfun; Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Karabulut, Derya; Cantürk Tan, Fazile; Taşkıran, Mehmet; Yakan, Birkan
Nonylphenol (NP), causes various harmful effects such as cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity. Thymoquinone (TQ), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. In this study, our aim is to investigate the effects of TQ on the brain damage caused by NP. Corn oil was applied to the control group. NP (100 mg/kg/day) was administered to the NP and NP + TQ groups for 21 days. TQ (5 mg/kg/day) was administered to the NP + TQ and TQ groups for 7 after 21 days. At the end of the experiment, the new object recognition test was applied to the rats and the rats were killed and their brain tissues were removed. Sections taken from brain tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological evaluation. In addition, neuronal nuclei (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Cas-3, and nerve growth factor (NGF) immunoreactivities were evaluated in brain tissue sections. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were determined. Comet assay was applied to determine DNA damage in cells. The results of our study showed that NP, caused behavioral disorders and damage to the cerebral cortex in rats. This damage in the form of neuron degeneration seen in the cortex was associated with apoptosis involving Cas-3 activation, increased DNA damage, and free oxygen radicals. NP, SOD, and CAT caused a decrease in enzyme activities. In addition, the cellular protein NeuN was decreased, astrocytosis-associated GFAP was increased, and growth factor NGF was decreased. When all our evaluations are taken together, treatment with TQ showed an ameliorative effect on the behavioral impairment and brain damage caused by NP exposure.
Skeletal, dental, and sexual maturation as an indicator of pubertal growth spurt
(Wiley, 2023) Ercan, Derviş Emre; Yüksel, Sema
Abstract Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the skeletal, dental, and sexual maturation stages of individuals at the peak of the pubertal growth spurt and to analyze the correlations between these parameters. Methods: The study included 98 patients, 49 females (mean chronological age 12.05 ± 0.96 years) and 49 males (mean chronological age: 13.18 ± 0.86 years), in the MP3cap stage. Skeletal maturation stages were determined using the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method on lateral cephalometric radio- graphs. The Demirjian index was used to determine dental maturation stages and dental ages on panoramic radiographs. The sexual maturation of the patients was evaluated in the pediatric endocrinology clinic by a pediatrician according to the Tanner stages. The frequencies of the variables were deter- mined, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlations between the variables. Results: It was determined that the cervical vertebral maturation stage was CS3 in 81.6% (n = 40) of both female and male patients, and 81.6% of the female and 89.8% of the male patients were in stage G in terms of mandibular second molar tooth development. According to the Tanner pubic hair staging, 73.5% of the male and 51.0% of the female patients were in Stage 3. A signifi- cant correlation was found between the cervical vertebra stages and mandibu- lar second molar tooth development stages in both sexes and between the cervical vertebra and Tanner pubic hair stages only among the male patients (r = 0.357; p < .05). There was also a significant and strong correlation between the Tanner pubic hair stages and breast development stages (r = 0.715; p < .05). Conclusion: Cervical vertebral development in the CS3 stage and mandibular molar tooth development in the G stage can be considered the peak of the pubertal growth spurt. Tanner Stage 3 marks the peak of the pubertal growth spurt in males.
Efects of pseudoephedrine on rat fetal bone development: evaluation by three diferent methods
(Springer, 2023) Yiğit, Hüseyin; Balcıoğlu, Esra; Uçar, İlyas; Değermenci, Muhammet; Önder, Gözde Özge; Ceylan, Tayfun; Unur, Erdoğan
Pseudoephedrine (PSE) is an agent that is contained in common cold medications. The agent, which is used to treat cold and cough, is the fourth most prescribed drug group in some countries. During pregnancy, expectant mothers use PSE for colds and other reasons. One out of every four expectant mothers use PSE alone or in combination with other medicines for various reasons. This study was aimed to investigate efects of PSE on long bones development in rat during fetal growth. Pregnant rats were divided into fve groups: control and four experimental groups (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg PSE). Between 1 and 20 days of pregnancy, PSE was given to them by gavage. Weights and heights of fetuses isolated by cesarean on the 21st day were measured. Ossifcation of femur and humerus was examined by three diferent methods mentioned earlier. Depending on the dose increase, all morphometric data, ossifcation rate and bone length of the fetuses were decreased. Besides, it was determined that the amount of Calcium in the bone tissue decreased in the analyzes made with SEM–EDX Analysis. The data obtained from this study reveal that the use of PSE during pregnancy disrupts the exist ing balance in the bone and negatively afects ossifcation due to the dose increase. In conclusion, we present descriptive and novel data on the efects of PSE use during pregnancy on the bone development of rat fetal long bones.
Orthodontics in an online community: A computational analysis of r/Braces subreddit
(ELSEVIER, 2023) Yavan, Mehmet Ali; Ercan, Derviş Emre
ABSTRACT Backround This study aimed to analyze the semantic network and content analyses of the posts published in a subreddit related to orthodontic treatment on Reddit (Advance Publications, Inc., San Francisco, California). Methods The eight threads in the r/Braces subreddit were divided into two categories: 1) “treatment process” (Braces are off!!!, Braces progress, Before and after!, and Day 1!) and 2) “question/problem” (Question, Discussion!, Need advice! and Rant!). For both categories, a semantic network analysis was performed using the Leximancer software (Leximancer Pty Ltd., Brisbane, Australia). In addition, the quality of the posts published in the “question” thread and the usefulness of the replies provided to these questions (useful, misleading, or neutral) were analyzed. Results Seven themes (braces, teeth, months, day, worth, started, and result) that mostly emphasized orthodontic treatment and treatment duration were elicited from the “treatment process” category, and seven themes (teeth, orthodontist, braces, week, bands, brush, and extractions) that mostly emphasized orthodontic treatment, orthodontists, and time were elicited from the “question/problem” category. It was also revealed that users voted on the posts related to the “treatment process” category and moved the posts to the list of top posts on the platform. In the “question” thread, 47.79% of the posts asked for advice and 21.11% of them were related to failures. In addition, 69% of the replies were categorized as “useful.” Conclusions Reddit is a successful data mining platform, and the users provide highly useful replies to the questions posted on Reddit regarding orthodontic treatment.
Are English-language YouTube videos a reliable source for adult orthodontics?
(2022) Ercan, Derviş Emre; Yavan, Mehmet Ali
Abstract YouTube, provides content in the field of orthodontics, as in many areas of healthcare. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, quality, and content of English-language YouTube videos on adult orthodontics. Material and methods A key word search was conducted on YouTube using two key words including ‘adult brace’ and ‘adult orthodontics’ that were determined based on the Google Trends statistics. The content, reliability, and overall quality (Video Information and Quality Index [VIQI]) scores as well as the interaction index scores and viewing rates of the videos were investigated. Results A total of 106 eligible videos out of 150 videos were included in the analysis. The videos were uploaded by three main groups including patients (53%), orthodontists (32%), and media organizations (15%) The mean content, reliability, and VIQI scores were 1.74?1.48, 1.70?1.47, and 9.00?4.32, respectively. The interaction index and viewing rates of the videos uploaded by the patients were significantly higher than those of other two groups, whereas their content, reliability, and VIQI scores were significantly lower (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between the videos uploaded by orthodontists and media organizations with regard to content, reliability, and VIQI scores (p>0.05). Conclusions Although the videos uploaded by patients had lower content, quality, and reliability scores, their interaction index scores and viewing rates were higher.
Histopathological Changes In Lung Tissue Caused By Diabetes: A Review
(DergiPark, 2023) Burçin Yıldırım, Ayşegül; Karabulut, Derya; Kaymak, Emin; Kuloğlu, Nurhan; Akin, Ali Tuğrul; Ceylan, Tayfun; Öztürk, Emel
Diabetes mellitus associated with oxidative stress and inflammation can affect many organs. While the effects of diabetes on many organs are well known and documented, its mechanisms of action on the lung are known far less. Hyperglycemia can lead to lung damage by increasing oxidative stresses and inflammation. Diabetes may be a trigger for pulmonary fibrosis, as studies suggest that there may be an important link between pulmonary fibrosis and diabetes. In this review, the histopathological changes caused by diabetes in the lung tissue were summarized. In addition, changes in the lung due to inflammation, oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis mechanisms were evaluated.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of naringin on bacterial endotoxin-induced small intestine damage in rats
(2022) Akin, Ali Tuğrul; El Bechir, Mohamed Lemine; Kaymak, Emin; Ceylan, Tayfun; Sayan, Meryem; Değer, Necla; Karabulut, Derya; Toluk, Ayşe
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the anti inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of naringin (NRG), which has many biological properties, on bacterial endotoxin-induced small intestine damage in rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 40 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as Control (group given no treatment), LPS (group given 10 mg/kg/i.p lipopolysaccharide), NRG (group given 100 mg/kg/i.p naringin for 14 days) and LPS + NRG (group given 100 mg/kg/i.p naringin for 14 days before 10 mg/kg/i.p lipopolysaccharide injection). After experimental procedure, small intestine tissues of animals were extracted and prepared according to tissue processing protocol. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining were performed to evaluate the histopathological changes and histological damage scoring was applied to compare experimental groups in terms of histopathological changes. Moreover, TNF-? and Caspase-3 expression levels were detected by immunohistochemical staining and the density of immunoreactivity were scored to determine the difference in the expression levels of TNF-? and Caspase-3 expressions among groups. Results: Epithelial and Brunner’s gland damage, mononuclear cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and TNF-? and Caspase-3 expressions significantly increased in the LPS group. However, NRG administrations exerted a strong protective effect on the small intestine tissues in terms of these parameters in LPS+NRG group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 100 mg/kg NRG injection can be regarded as a protective agent against negative effects of endotoxin-induced infection on the intestinal mucosa and that it should not be disregarded in further clinical trials.
Effects of nocturnal complete denture usage on cardiorespiratory parameters: A pilot study
(Elseiver, 2021) Uyar, Alper; Pişkin, Bülent; Şenel, Buğra; Avsever, Hakan; Karakoç, Ömer; Taşçı, Cantürk
Statement of problem: Sleeping without conventional complete dentures (CCDs) has been stated by some to induce negative effects on the cardiorespiratory functions of edentulous patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), although others have reported the exact opposite. Therefore, a consensus on nocturnal CCD usage is lacking. Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the effects of nocturnal denture usage on cardiorespiratory stability by using pulse oximetry (PO). Materials and methods: Thirty CCD wearers were enrolled in the study. The first nocturnal pulse oximetry (FNPO) recordings were made on 3 different nights while the participants were sleeping without dentures (WOD). Oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and other PO parameters of the participants, including total respiratory event (TRE), basal SpO2 (BSpO2), time?88 (T88), average low SpO2 (ALSpO2), total pulse event (TPE), average pulse rate (APR), and heart rate variability index (HRVI), were processed and the obtained data were recorded as WOD condition values. According to the ODI scores, the OSA status of the participants was grouped as normal (ODI<5), mild (530). Complete dentures were fabricated by an experienced prosthodontist and a dental laboratory technician by following conventional procedures. At the end of the first month of the follow-up period, the second nocturnal PO recordings (SNPO) were made on 3 different nights while the participants slept wearing dentures (WID), and the data obtained were recorded as WID condition values. The comparison of mean PO values obtained from WOD and WID were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed- rank test (?=.05). Results: Significant differences were found between WOD and WID values in terms of TRE (P=.01), ODI (P=.001), ALSpO2 (P=.006), TPE (P=.001), and HRVI (P=.001) parameters. The significance of the improvements in the WID condition increased with the severity of OSA. Conclusions: Improvements were observed in substantial cardiorespiratory parameters such as the ODI and HRVI of the participants wearing dentures nocturnally.

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