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Öğe “Lombard Effect” and Voice Changes in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia: A Pilot Study.(Wiley Periodicals LLC onbehalf of The American Laryngological,Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc., 2024) Maria Raffaella Marchese; Ylenia Longobardi; Rosa Libero; Gamze Yesilli-Puzella; Lucia D’Alatri; Jacopo GalliObjectives: The aim was to describe the acoustic, auditory-perceptive, and subjective voice changes under the Lombardeffect (LE) in adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD) patients.Methods: Subjective perception of vocal effort (OMNI Vocal Effort Scale OMNI-VES), Maximum Phonation Time (MPT),and the perceptual severity of dysphonia (GRBAS scale) were assessed in condition of stillness and under LE in 10 AdLDpatients and in 10 patients with typical voice. Speakers were asked to produce the sustained vowel /a/ and to read a phoneti-cally balanced text aloud. Using the PRAAT software, the following acoustic parameters were analyzed: Mean Pitch (Hz), Mini-mum and Maximum Intensity (dB), the Fraction of Locally Unvoiced Frames, the Number of Voice Breaks, the Degree of VoiceBreaks (%), the Cepstral Peak Prominence-Smoothed (CPPS) (dB).Results: Under LE, the AdLD group showed a decrease of both G and S parameters of GRBAS and subjective effort, meanMPT increased signi?cantly; in the controls there were no signi?cant changes. In both groups under LE, pitch and intensity ofthe sustained vowel /a/ signi?cantly increased consistently with LE. In the AdLD group the mean gain of OMNI-VES score andthe mean gain of each parameter of the speech analysis were signi?cantly greater than the controls’ ones.Conclusion: Auditory feedback deprivation obtained under LE improves subjective, perceptual-auditory, and acousticsparameters of AdLD patients. These ?ndings encourage further research to provide new knowledge into the role of the audi-tory system in the pathogenesis of AdLD and to develop new therapeutic strategies.Key Words: acoustic analysis, adductor laryngeal dystonia, audio-vocal feedback control, Lombard effect.Level of Evidence: 4Laryngoscope, 134:3754–3760, 2024Öğe The Normative Study of Acoustic and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Voice among Healthy Adult Turkish Speaker Population(Hindawi, 2021) Şen, Ayşegül; Toğram, BülentPhonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS Model 6600) is an evaluation instrument that assesses the effectiveness of surgical interventions, treatments, and therapy for voice disorders. It can be used for the assessment of voice disorders by supporting other perceptual and instrumental methods. It is important to establish normative data, because the use of appropriate norms is necessary for diagnostic and descriptive accuracy. Therefore, this study is aimed primarily at establishing adult normative databases for phonatory aerodynamic measures obtained with the KayPENTAX PAS Model 6600 among healthy adult Turkish speakers and then examining the effect of age, gender, and age-gender interaction variables on these measures. The contribution of the study is considered so important since it will generate normative data for all measurements—except the mean pitch—by the five protocols of PAS for the first time. Two hundred and six healthy Turkish speakers with normal voice (106 women and 100 men) were included in the study and stratified into three age groups. Forty-five phonatory aerodynamic measures across five PAS protocols (vital capacity, maximum sustained phonation, comfortable sustained phonation, variation in sound pressure level, and voicing efficiency) were collected. Age, gender, and age-gender interaction variables were analyzed for 45 PAS parameters. Significant gender and age effect was found for 30 and 19 variables, respectively. Gender-age interaction together was observed for only 6 parameters. Significant differences were not found for the remaining 10 parameters. Significant age and gender effects were observed for 35 phonatory and aerodynamic measures which are essential part of the objective clinical assessment of voice. Consequently, normative data used as reference in voice assessment should be generated according to age and gender differences.
